Personality disorders and symptoms

Personality disorder is a type of mental disorder. In which you have rigid and unhealthy thinking, action, and behavior. A person with  personality disorder has trouble understanding and relating to situations and people. Blame others for the challenges you face. Personality disorders usually begin in adolescence or young adulthood.

Most common personality disorders and symptoms

The types of personality disorders are divided into three clusters based on similar characteristics and symptoms. It is not necessary to exhibit all of the listed signs and symptoms to be diagnosed with a disease.

Cluster A personality disorders

1. Paranoid personality disorder

• Mistrust and suspicion of others and their motives.
• Doubts about the trustworthiness or reliability of others.
• Reluctance to confide in others due to an irrational fear that others will use the information against you.
• An angry or hostile response to insults.
• Tendency to hold grudges.
• Unwarranted, recurring suspicions that a partner or sexual partner is unfaithful.

2. Schizoid personality disorder

• Limited range of emotional expression.
• Inability to find pleasure in most activities.
• Indifference to others.

3. Schizotypal personality disorder

• Strange dress, thinking, beliefs, speech or behavior.
• Strange experiences such as hearing a voice/hearing your name being whispered.
• Inappropriate emotional responses.
• Social anxiety and feeling deprived or uncomfortable with close relationships.
• Indifference, inappropriate or suspicious response to others.
• “Magical Thinking” – Believing that you can influence people and events through your thoughts.
• Belief that some ordinary events or occurrences have hidden messages only for you.

Cluster B personality disorders

These types of personality disorders are characterized by dramatic, overly emotional, or unpredictable thinking or behavior. These include antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, hysterical personality disorder, and narcissistic personality disorder.

1. Antisocial personality disorder

• Ignore the needs or feelings of others.
• Constantly lie, steal and use aliases.
• It is recurring legal issues.
• Repeated violation of the rights of others.
• Aggressive, often violent behavior.
• Disregard the safety of self or others.
• Impulsive behavior.
• Consistently irresponsible behavior.
• Lack of remorse for behavior.

2. Borderline Personality Disorder

• Impulsive and risky behavior such as engaging in unprotected sex, gambling or overeating.
• An unstable or weak self-image.
• Unstable and intense relationships.
• Sudden mood swings, often in response to interpersonal stress and suicidal behavior or threats of self-harm.
• Intense fear of being alone or abandoned.
• Frequent angry outbursts.

3. Hysterionic Personality Disorder

• Constantly seeking the attention of others.
• Being overly emotional, dramatic, or sexually provocative to get attention.
• Talks dramatically with strong opinions but lacks the facts or details to put them into action.
• Easily influences others.
• Rapidly changing emotions.
• Excessive concern about one’s own body.
• Relationships with others are thought to be closer than they actually are.

4. Narcissistic personality disorder

• Believe that you are special and more important than others.
• Fantasies about power, success, and attractiveness.
• Exaggeration of achievements or abilities.
• Expect constant praise.
• Unreasonable expectations of blessings and benefits, often taking advantage of others.
• Jealousy of others or the belief that others are jealous of you.

Cluster C personality disorders

Cluster C personality disorders are characterized by anxiety, fearful thinking, or behavior.

1. Avoidant personality disorder

• Looks very sensitive.
• Avoid work activities that require close contact.
• Feeling inadequate, inferior, or unattractive.
• Fear of recognition, embarrassment or ridicule.
• Appears socially shy and isolated.

2. Dependent Personality Disorder

• Overly dependent on others.
• Submissive behavior towards others.
• Difficulty starting or doing projects on your own due to lack of confidence.
• Difficulty disagreeing with others due to fear of self-image.
• Feeling an urgent need to start a new relationship when a close relationship ends.

3. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

• Feeling unable to complete a project, feeling overly sad when the project is not perfect.
• Excessive commitment to work.
• Inability to discard broken or worthless items.
• Be tough and stubborn.
• Poor control over budget and spending.
• Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder are not the same as anxiety disorders.

Reasons

Personality has to do with how you see, understand, and relate to the outside world, as well as how you see yourself.

Your genes: Your parents may pass on certain personality traits to you through inherited genes. These traits are called your personality.

Your environment: This includes the environment in which you grew up, events that happened, and relationships with family members and others.

Genes in some people may cause personality disorders.

Risk factors

Although the exact cause of personality disorders is unknown, certain factors appear to increase the risk of the disorder.

Abusive or unstable family life during childhood.

Diagnosed with childhood conduct disorder.

Differences in brain chemistry and structure.

Complications

Personality disorders can significantly affect the lives of the affected person and those who care for that person. Personality disorders may cause problems in relationships, work, or school, leading to social isolation or alcohol or drug use.

When to see a doctor?

If you have symptoms of a personality disorder, see your doctor, another primary care professional, or a mental health professional. Untreated, personality disorders can cause significant problems in your life that can get worse without treatment.

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